San Juan

Puerto Rico, called Borikén by its Taíno inhabitants, was claimed for Spain by Columbus in 1493. Juan Ponce de León founded the first settlement in 1508, and San Juan was established on its islet soon after. Its strategic harbour made it a key military outpost, the 'Key to the Indies', and Spain spent centuries fortifying it with walls and the massive castles of San Felipe del Morro and San Cristóbal, which resisted attacks by the English and Dutch. After the Spanish-American War of 1898, Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States, and in 1917 Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship. The island has its own strong identity, culture and Spanish language.

Puerto Rican culture blends Taíno, Spanish and African roots. Salsa, bomba and plena fill the air, and reggaetón, born partly here, now dominates the global charts. Food is hearty and flavourful: mofongo (mashed fried plantain with garlic), lechón (roast pork), arroz con gandules and alcapurrias from beachside kiosks. The piña colada is said to have been invented in San Juan. The San Sebastián Street Festival in January turns the old city into a giant party.